What Illnesses Do Pets Face in Winter, and How Can They Be Protected?

Spending prolonged periods in cold air or on frozen ground during walks can cause your pet to experience hypothermia. This weakens their immune system, creating favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms.

In winter, cats and dogs are at risk of contracting acute respiratory viral infections and other dangerous diseases. Chronic illnesses may also worsen during this season. Learn from this Animal Clinic article about common winter illnesses and how to prevent them.

Winter Viral Diseases in Cats

Due to the cold and high humidity, the risk of viral diseases in cats increases during winter. Even indoor cats are not completely safe, as pathogens can enter your home on shoes or clothing. Here are some common infections cats may face in winter:

• Rhinotracheitis: A respiratory and eye infection that progresses acutely and can be fatal for cats of any age.
• Bronchopneumonia: A severe lung disease involving inflammation of the lungs and bronchi, often filled with fluid. Kittens are particularly vulnerable.
• Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper): A dangerous disease characterized by fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues, and severe intoxication. Without timely veterinary care, it can be fatal.
• Calicivirus: A life-threatening viral infection that causes eye inflammation, respiratory issues, fever, lethargy, and even bleeding.

If you notice symptoms such as inflamed mucous membranes, coughing, labored breathing, lethargy, or behavioral changes in your cat, seek veterinary attention immediately. In Kyiv and the surrounding region, Animal Clinic veterinarians specialize in treating viral infections common in winter.

Winter Viral Diseases in Dogs

Dogs spend more time outdoors and are more likely to interact with other animals, increasing their risk of infection. In winter, dogs can contract:

• Parvovirus: A viral disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing internal bleeding, dehydration, and a weakened immune system. Without treatment, it is often fatal.
• Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease causing severe intoxication, kidney and liver damage, and neurological issues.
• Canine Distemper: A condition that can lead to hearing and vision loss, reduced sense of smell, and central nervous system damage.
• Parainfluenza: A viral illness that impairs respiratory function.
• Hepatitis: A disease that can cause degenerative liver changes and affect the central nervous system.

If your dog shows signs of coughing, sneezing, loss of appetite, dry and hot nose, yellowed mucous membranes, fever, apathy, or other unusual symptoms, consult a veterinarian immediately.

Rabies: A Fatal Viral Disease for Animals and Humans

Rabies is a severe infectious disease that can affect both animals and humans after contact with an infected animal. It can occur year-round. Without vaccination or urgent medical intervention after a bite, rabies causes degenerative changes in the body, leading to death.

Winter Aggravation of Chronic Illnesses in Cats and Dogs

In winter, chronic conditions in pets may flare up, even if they remain dormant during warmer months.
• Arthritis: Cold floors can exacerbate joint inflammation, causing pain and limping in pets.
• Cystitis: Pets with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to frequent and painful urination, which can lead to kidney complications if untreated.

How to Protect Your Pet from Winter Illnesses

The most effective method of preventing acute viral and bacterial infections, including rabies, is vaccination. A comprehensive vaccine provides immunity against multiple pathogens for a year. Vaccination is essential for both outdoor pets and those that stay indoors.

Preventing chronic illness flare-ups involves timely treatment, regular vet check-ups, quality nutrition, and proper hygiene. Additional protective measures include:

• Frequent wet cleaning of your home.
• Using appropriate winter clothing for your pet during walks.
• Ensuring your pet doesn’t drink from puddles or eat discarded food outdoors.
• Thoroughly cleaning and drying your pet’s paws after each walk.

By taking these precautions, you can help your pets stay healthy and happy throughout the winter.