Expressing anal glands in dogs: when is it really necessary and why does a dog “scoot”?

Many owners get worried when they see their dog “scooting” across the floor. This behavior is often associated with worms, but the most common cause is inflammation of the anal glands. We explain what these glands are, why they become inflamed, when expression is needed, and how to prevent recurrences.

What are anal glands and what are they for?

The paraanal (anal) sacs are paired glands located on either side of a dog’s anus. They contain a thick secretion with a strong odor. In nature, this odor is used for territorial marking and identification. In domestic dogs, the secretion may accumulate, thicken, and stop being released naturally, which can lead to inflammation.

Anal gland inflammation in dogs: symptoms

Careful observation helps identify the problem early. The main symptoms of anal gland inflammation in dogs include:

the dog frequently “scoots” across the floor or ground;
frequent licking of the anus;
an unpleasant fishy odor from the dog;
swelling or redness around the anus;
whining during defecation;
the dog bites at its tail or hind legs;
purulent or bloody discharge from the anus.

If you notice these signs, do not delay a visit to the veterinarian. A veterinary dermatologist can perform a detailed diagnostic evaluation.

Anal gland cleaning: when is it really necessary?

Not every dog needs regular gland cleaning. In a healthy animal, the glands empty naturally during defecation. Indications for expression include:

blocked ducts (the secretion is too thick);
inflammation and itching;
an anal gland abscess;
a veterinarian’s recommendation after diagnosis.

Expressing the glands unnecessarily on your own can injure them and trigger inflammation. Entrust the procedure to grooming professionals or veterinarians.

How to clean a dog’s anal glands: methods

External expression. The secretion is expressed through the skin using the fingers. It should be performed by an experienced professional.
Internal expression. This is performed through the anus with a lubricated finger. It should only be done by a veterinarian in cases of severe blockage.
Gland flushing. This is performed at the clinic for chronic inflammation. It is prescribed by a veterinarian during a consultation

Why does a dog scoot? Possible causes

Although anal gland inflammation is the most common cause, there are other possible factors:

allergic dermatitis (itching around the anus);
worm infestation (especially tapeworms);
constipation or diarrhea (mucosal irritation);
obesity (the glands empty less effectively);
injuries to the anus or rectum.

An examination at the clinic will help determine the exact cause. If the glands are the problem, the veterinarian will prescribe cleaning. In complicated cases, surgery may be required — removal of the anal sacs.

Prevention of anal gland inflammation

Monitor your dog’s weight — obesity impairs gland drainage.
Ensure sufficient physical activity.
Keep bowel movements regular — both constipation and diarrhea are harmful.
Add fiber to the diet (pumpkin, carrots, apples).
Regularly inspect your pet’s anal area.

When is surgery needed?

Chronic anal gland inflammation, frequent abscesses, and tumors are indications for sacculectomy — surgical removal of the anal sacs. The operation is performed under general anesthesia and is considered a radical but effective treatment. Read more about the procedure on the animal surgery page.

Frequently asked questions about anal glands in dogs

Why does a dog scoot?

The most common cause is anal gland inflammation. The dog tries to relieve the glands of accumulated secretion that is causing itching. Other causes include allergies, worms, constipation, or dermatitis.

What are the symptoms of anal gland inflammation in dogs?

The main symptoms are scooting, frequent licking of the anus, an unpleasant fishy odor, swelling near the anus, whining during defecation, and purulent discharge.

How often should a dog’s anal glands be cleaned?

Only when needed, in cases of blockage or inflammation. For some dogs, cleaning once every 3–6 months is enough; others may need it once a month. The frequency should be determined by a veterinarian.

Can I express my dog’s anal glands myself?

Expressing the glands without experience can injure them and cause an abscess. Entrust the procedure to a veterinarian or professional groomer.

How can I clean my dog’s anal glands at home?

If your veterinarian has approved home cleaning, use the external method: press with a tissue on both sides of the anus using upward movements. However, it is best to have the procedure performed at a clinic.

Is anal gland inflammation dangerous for a dog?

Yes. Without treatment, the inflammation can develop into an abscess with purulent tissue damage. In severe cases, surgery to remove the glands may be required.

Which dog breeds are most prone to anal gland inflammation?

Small breeds (Chihuahuas, Yorkies, Toy Terriers, Poodles) are most commonly affected, as are obese dogs and animals with low activity levels.

Can food help prevent anal gland inflammation?

Yes. High-fiber foods promote natural emptying of the glands. A veterinarian may recommend a special dietary food or adding fiber to the diet.

When should anal glands be surgically removed?

Indications for surgery include chronic inflammation with recurrences, frequent abscesses, and gland tumors. The operation is called a sacculectomy and is performed under anesthesia.

Can anal gland inflammation be treated without cleaning?

For mild inflammation, a veterinarian may prescribe anti-inflammatory ointments and antibiotics, but in most cases gland cleaning is the first-line procedure to relieve the condition.

How can I book a veterinary appointment at Animal Clinic?

You can book your pet for an examination by calling (044) 333 95 63, (067) 333 95 63 or by using the appointment form on the Animal Clinic website.